1. 수동태와 능동태
①태의 의미 : 동작의 관점의 차이에 의해 생기는 동사의 표현 형식을 라고 한다.
능동태: 동작을 하는 쪽에 중점을 둠.
수동태: 동작을 받는 쪽에 중점을 둠.
△{능동태 → 수동태}
주어 … 능동태의 목적어가 됨.
동사 … [be + 과거분사]로.
by∼ … 능동태의 주어가 by 뒤에 와서 부사구를 이룸.
* He wrote this letter. (능동태)
主 動 目
This letter was written by him. (수동태)
主 動 副詞句
* All the people in the world admire Kennedy. (능동태)
(모든 세상 사람들이 케네디를 칭찬한다.)
= Kennedy is admired by all the people in the world. (수동태)
(케네디는 모든 세상 사람들에 의해 칭찬 받는다.)
②수동태로 쓸 수 없는 동사 : 목적어가 있는 문장이라고 모두 수동태로
바뀌지는 않는다.
have(가지고있다), resemble, lack, become 등은 수동태가 안되는 동사들이다.
△She resembles her mother. → Her mother is resembled by her.(×)
△let, have를 수동태로 할 때 → let - be allowed to, have - be asked to.
* He had me sing. → I was asked to sing by him.
He let me go. → I was allowed to go by him.
보통 우리말에 '~~을'에 해당하는게 목적어를 항상 가지고 있습니다.
The situation seemed hopeless. ( 그 상황은 희망이 없어 보였다)
Her brother became an engineer. (그녀의 동생은 기사가 되었다)
피아노를 연주할 예정입니다.
The piano is going to be played.
Point 1. <수동태변환공식.>
He will have been playing the piano for 6 hours by midnight.
자정무렵이 되면 그는 6시간동안 피아노를 연주하고 있는 것이 될 것이다.
를 수동태로 바꾸면,
->The piano will have been being played for 6 hours by midnight by him. (O)
The piano will have been playing him for 6 hours by midnight.(X)
The piano will have been played by him for 6 hours by midnight.(X)
The piano will be played by him for 6 hours by midnight.(X)
*능동태의 동사부분의 마지막 동사형태가* :
1.동사 원형이면, -> be played
2.과거분사이면, ->been played.
3.~ing형이면, ->being played.
Ex) Someone is going to play the piano. 누군가 피아노를 칠 것이다.
->The piano is going to be played.
Point 2. <수동태변환연습>
Someone has played the piano. 누군가 피아노를 쳤다.
->The piano has been played.
Someone is supposed to play the piano. 누군가 피아노를 연주하기로 되어있다.
->The piano is supposed to be played.
I’m very happy, proud and honor to have a chance to play this piano.
-> This piano is happy, proud and to have a chance to be played by such a great pianist 아슈커너지.
(아무리 길어도 마지막 동사형태만 보면 O.K.) 에구구, 에슈케너지가 누군감!?!?
Someone was playing the piano. 누군가 피아노를 치고 있었다.
->The piano was being played.
Point 3. 심화연습.
They are going to televise the awards ceremony tomorrow.
그들은 내일 시상식을 TV중계할 것이다.
->The awards ceremony is going to be televised tomorrow.
*televise = put in on air : TV중계하다.
She should have deleted the file.
우리는 그 파일을 지워버렸어야만 했는데.( 아차, 그렇게 못했다.)
-> The file should have been deleted.
*The letter should’ve been sent. 그 편지를 보냈어야만 했는데!
*Tom should’ve been invited to the party yesterday.
탐을 어제 그 파티에 초대했어야만 했는데!
(Should’ve done 슈듭던 /should’ve been donet 슈드빈던/ shouldn’t have done 슈든읍던/shouldn’t have been done 슈든읍빈던) 헥헥헥!(--)
*I shouldn’t have invited her.나는 그녀를 초대하지 말았어야만 했는데.
->She shouldn’t have been invited.
I’ve been cheated, been mistreated, when will I be loved?
난 속았어요, 사랑 받지 못했어요, 저는 언제 사랑을 받게 될까요?
*cheat on someone:누군가를 속이다/바람 피다.
I’ve been put down, I been pushed around, when will I be loved?
전 푸대접을 받았어요, 전 다정한 말 한마디 못 들었죠, 저는 언제 사랑 받게 될까요?
*Put down 아래로 내팽개쳐지다.
*Pushed around 이리저리 내몰리다.
*The song brings back memories.
※몇 형식 일까요?
I was given a book. <-3형식.
나는 책을 받았다.(누군가 주어서…)
I received a book.
나는 책을 받았다.
Point 1.
영어의 Passive(수동태) 는 독립된 표현이다.(수동태와 능동태는 따로 국밥이다.)
수동태는 또 하나의 표현이다.
Sit down please. 앉으세요.
Be seated please. 착석 해주십시오.
Point 2. 고급스러운 고차원적인 표현!
누가 주는/보낸/지불하는 휴가(상)/청구서(편지)/돈을
*나는 받았다 ->I was given/was sent/was paid
누가 하는 얘기를
*나는 들었다.-> I was told that~.
누가 주는 상을
*나는 받았다. ->I was given an award/ I was awarded this year’s teacher.
누가 제공하는 일(보상)을
나는 얻었다/받았다. ->I was offered the job (a reward).
He was given a day leave but he couldn’t take it.
그는 하루 휴가를 받았지만 그것을 쓸 수 없었다.
*A maternity leave출산휴가.
You’ll be sent a bill at the end of the month.
월말에 청구서를 받을 것입니다.(보내질 것이다.X)
I was sent a letter.
나는 편지를 받았다.
*final notice:마지막 경고/주의.(차압 당하기 직전의 경고.)
He was shown her picture.
그는 그녀의 사진을 봤다.(의미상의 차이점: 누군가가 보여주어서 봤다)
*saw눈으로 보여서 봤다 /looked at 응시했다.
I was paid only 500 dollars for the month work.
나는 한달 일한 것에 대해서 500달러만 받았다.
I was told he was going to leave for America.
나는 그가 미국으로 떠났다고 들었다.
*heard 들었다.
Someone told me he was going to leave for America.
누군가가 미국으로 떠날 것이라는 얘기를 나에게 얘기했다.
Someone paid me 500 dollars for the month work.
누군가가 한달 일한 대가로 500달러를 지불했다.
Someone showed him her picture.
누군가가 그에게 그녀의 사진을 보여주었다.
Someone will send me a bill at the end of the month.
누군가가 월말에 나에게 청구서를 보낼 것이다.
Someone gave him a day leave.
누군가가 그에게 하루휴가를 주었다.
They say Dorothy is beautiful.
사람들이 그러기를 도로시는 예쁘데.
2. [By + 행위자]를 표시하지 않는 경우
①행위자가 일반적인 사람일 때.
* English is spoken in Hongkong (by them)
②행위자가 명백하지 않을 때, 또는 누군지 알 수 없을 떄.
* The house was built in 1470 (by somebody).
③행위자가 누군지 표현 할 필요가 없을 때.
* Mary and I were invited to Jane's house.
3. 수동태의 시제
* Jack builds the house.
→ The house is built by Jack. (현재)
* Jack built the house.
→ The house was built by Jack. (과거)
* Jack will build the house.
→ The house will be built by Jack. (미래)
◇인칭에 따라 will, shall을 정한다.
△He will catch me. (단순미래)
→ I shall be caught by him.
I will do it. (의지미래)
→ It shall be done (by me)
* Jack has built the house. (현재완료)
→ The house has been built by Jack.
* Jack had built the house.
→ The house had been built by Jack. (과거완료)
* Jack will have built the house.
→ The house will have been built by Jack. (미래완료)
* Jack is building the house.
→ The house is being built by Jack. (진행형)
* Jack can build the house.
→ The house can be built by Jack. (조동사)
4. 4형식의 수동태
◇4형식의 문장은 대개 간접목적어를 주어로 하든지, 직접목적어를 주어로
하여 두개의 수동태가 가능하다. 4형식의 수동태는 3형식의 문장이다.
* Tom gave me the book. (4형식)
→ I was given the book by Tom. (직.목을 주어로, 3형식)
→ The book was given me by Tom. (간.목을 주어로, 3형식)
→ The book was given to me by Tom. (1형식)
①I.O가 보류목적어가 될 때 : 일반적으로 I.O이 보류목적어가 될 땐 그 앞에 전치사
to, for, of 등을 사용.(S + V + I.O + D.O → S + V + D.O + pre +I.O)
to 사용동사 : send, tell, lend, give, offer, bring, owe, teach, show,
write, read, 등...
for 사용동사: buy, make, find, choose, get, cook, build 등...
of 사용동사: ask, inquire, require 등...
△A letter was sent (to) me by him.
A watch was bought for me by him.
Some questions were asked of me by him.
② D.O만 수동태의 주어로 하는 동사 : write, make, get, bring,
carry, send, throw, pass, hand, read, sell, sing, do 등의 동사
는 D.O만 수동태의 주어가 될 수 있음.
△She made me a doll. → A doll was made for me by her.
I wrote him a letter. → A letter was written him by me.
③ I.O만 수동태의 주어로 하는 동사 : envy, call, kiss, answer,
save, spare 등은 I.O만 수동태의 주어가 됨.
△They envied him his luck. → He was envied his luck by them.
5. 5형식의 수동태
* They elected him chairman. (5형식)
→ He was elected chairman (by them). (2형식)
◇5형식 → 2형식 수동태로 바꾸는데 있어 지각, 사역동사가 쓰이면
목적보어는 원형부정사를 쓴다.
△I saw him enter the room.
→ He was seen to enter the room by me.
* 일반인을 나타내는 we, you, one, they, people, someone, somebody 등
은 수동태에서는 보통 생략하며, 보어는 주어가 될 수 없다.
6. 5종 기본형식문 (Active ↔ Passive)
Active Voice → Passive Voice
(형식) (형식)
[+1] Spring has come. [없음]
[+2] It is warm in spring. [없음]
[+3] He wrote this book. → [-1] This book was written by him.
[+4] He told me the story. → [-1] The story was told me by him.
(능동태 직접목적어를 주어로 한 것)
[-3] I was told the story by him.
(능동태 간접목적을 주어로 한 것)
[+5] People elected him president. → [-2] He was elected president by people.
7. 능동태와 수동태를 합해 본 5종 기본형식문
제 1형식문 [+1] = (S + V)
[-1] = (S - V) → +- [+3]에서 온 것.
+- [+4]의 직접목적을 수동의 주어로 한 것.
제 2형식문 [+2] = (S + V + C)
[-2] = (S - V + C) → [+5]에서 온 것.
제 3형식문 [+3] = (S + V + O)
[-3] = (S - V + O) → [+4]의 간접목적을 수동의 주어로 한 것.
제 4형식문 [+4] = (S + V + O + O)
제 5형식문 [+5] = (S + V + O + C)
◇cf) + : 능동태, - : 수동태, 숫자: 문장의 형식.
[질문] 7강 확인학습 A의 1,2번 문제에 paid off, was paid를 써야 하는 이유를 설명해 주세요.
저는 한달 봉급으로 겨우 500달러를 받았어요.
I was paid only $500 for the month work.
*그는 레드 카드를 받았다. 가장 많이 쓰는 표현은?
(hint: 레드 카드는 상이나 편지가 아닙니다.)
1.He received a red card.
2.He saw a red card.(X)
3.He was given a red card.
4. He was shown a red card.(O)
(show: 보여주다)
Point 1.
*be + 과거분사다음에 by가 오는경우는 거의없다.
그렇다면 by자리에 올 수 있는 요소!는 무엇일까?
그것은 바로,
-> 명사/전치사/형용사/부정사/that절
He was given a day’s leave but he couldn’t take it.
그는 하루휴가를 받았지만 쓸 수 없었다.
You’ll be sent a bill at the end of the month
너는 월말에 청구서를 받게 될 것이다.
He was shown her picture.
그는 그녀의 사진을 보았다.
I was paid for only the $500 for the month's work.
나는 한 달에 겨우 60만원 받았다.
I was told that he was going to leave for America.
그가 미국으로 떠났다는 소식을 들었다. (I heard~. /I was informed that~.)
Someone gave me a book.
->I was given a book.나는 책을 받았다.(우리의 약점)--
-> A book was given to me.책이 내게 주어졌다.
Point 2.
*두 단어짜리 타동사들…(다음에 목적어를 말하는 감각을 익히자!!!)
(*주어가 I 일 때,)
be given 누군가가 주는 것을 받다.(I was given :받았다)
be sent 누군가가 보내주는 것을 받다.(I was sent : 받았다)
be shown 누군가 보여주는 것을 보다.(I was shown : 보게 되었다 /봤다)
be paid 누가 돈 주는 것을 받다. (I was paid: 받았다)
be told 누군 말해주는 것을 듣다.(I was told :들었다)
be offered 누군가가 제안하는 것을 받다.
( ->Dorothy was offered a new job/a position from EBS.
도로시는 이비에스로부터 새 일을 제안 받았다.)
Point 3.
*5형식 문장들을 수동태로 바꾸면...
They used to consider pasta a high calorie food.
사람들이 파스타를 고칼로리 음식이라고 생각했다.
->Pasta used to be considered a high calorie food.
They elected him president The United States.
사람들이 그를 미국대통령으로 선출했다.
->He(Bush) was elected president The United States.
->He was appointed president The United States.
They called the medicine The Fountain of Youth.
사람들은 그 약을 젊음의 샘이라고 불렀다.
->The medicine was called the Fountain of Youth.
->They made the area a national monument in 1924.
사람들은 1924년 그곳을 국립 유적지로 만들었다.
->The area was made a national monument in 1924.
I was born to love you with every single beat of my heart.
난 당신을 사랑하기위해 태어났소,
내심장의 마지막 박동하나까지도 당신을 사랑하기 위해서…
I was born to take care of you in every single day.
난 당신을 돌보기 위해 태어났소, 매일매일 하루도 빠짐없이…
I’ll teach my honey this song right now.
I’ll be given his song.(^^)
Have a wonderful week!(^^)
8. 보어가 원형부정사인 수동태
◇술부동사가 지각동사 또는 사역동사일 경우, 원형부정사는 수동태에서는
[to 있는 부정사]가 된다.
* We saw him enter the room.
→ He was seen to enter the room.
* We heard him sing.
→ He was heard to sing.
9. 합성동사의 수동태
◇합성동사는 수동태에서 한 단위로 취급된다.
①자동사 + 전치사 = 타동사구.
* He laughed at me. (3형식)
→ I was laughed at by him. (1형식)
②타동사 + 추상명사 + 전치사 = 타동사구.
* They took good care of the child. (3형식)
→ The child was taken good care of (by them). (1형식)
→ Good care was taken of the child (by him).
③동사 + 부사 + 전치사 = 타동사구.
* The villagers looked up to the doctor. (3형식)
→ The doctor was looked up to by the villagers. (1형식)
◇ speak well of, be well spoken of의 형태.
* They speak well of Mary.
→ Mary is spoken well of (by them). (×)
→ Mary is well spoken of (by them). (○)
10. 목적어가 명사절인 수동태
◇가주어 It를 내세우든지, that절 속의 주어를 수동태의 주어로 한다.
(본동사 시제 = that절 동사 시제 → 단순부정사.
본동사 시제보다 that절 동사 시제가 하나 더 과거 → 완료부정사.)
* They say that he is honest.
→ That he is honest is said (by them).
→ It is said (by them) that he is honest.
→ He is said to be honest (by them).
* They say that he was honest.
→ It is said (by them) that he was honest.
→ He is said to have been honest (by them).
11. 의문문 수동태
◇의문문을 수동태로 고칠 경우는 평서문 → 수동태 → 의문문으로 바꾸어
가면 이해가 쉽다.
* Did you plant this tree?
→ You planted this tree. (평서문)
→ This tree was planted by you. (수동태)
→ Was this tree planted by you? (의문문; 처음 문장의 의문문 수동태)
* Who saw the accident?
→ Who saw the accident. (평서문; 非문장)
→ The accident was seen by whom. (수동태; 非문장)
→ By whom was the accident seen? (의문문; 처음 문장의 의문문 수동태)
* What did he write on the blackboard?
→ What was written on the blackboard by him?
12. 명령문 수동태
◇[Let + 목적어 + be + 과거분사]의 형태를 사용한다.
* Do it at once.
→ Let it be done at once.
* Don't touch the stone.
→ Don't let the stone be touched.
→ Let the stone not be touched.
△명령문의 부정은 두가지가 있다.
[Don't let + 목적어 + be + 과거분사]
[Let + 목적어 + not + be + 과거분사]
13. 부정문 수동태
* no ↔ not + any. * nobody ↔ not + anybody.
* never ↔ not + ever. * nothing ↔ not + anything.
* neither ↔ not + either. * no one ↔ no + anyone.
◇ not은 항상 문두로 가려는 성질이 있음.
* Anyone can not solve the problem. (×)
→ No one can solve the problem. (○)
14. 동작의 행위를 나타내는 전치사
◇능동문의 주어는 수동태에서 대개 전치사구로 나타나는데 그 때의 대표
적인 전치사는 by이지만, 동사에 따라 다른 전치사가 오는 경우가 있다.
* Snow covers the mountain.
→ The mountain is covered with snow.
* Everybody knows the poet.
→ The poet is known to everybody.
△A man is known by the company he keeps.
* His sudden death surprised me.
→ I was surprised at his sudden death.
△기쁨, 슬픔, 놀람 따위의 감정을 나타내는 동사는 보통 수동태로
나타내며, 여기 수반하는 전치사는 대개 at, with 이다.
I am pleased with my students.
I am satisfied with the result.
I was astonished at his conduct.
* This book interests me.
→ I am interested in this book.
△I was tired from the work.
I was tired of my quiet life.
The street is crowded with a lot of people.
15. 수동태가 주로 사용될 때
①능동태의 주어가 분명하지 않을 때.
* He was killed during the war.
②수동태의 주어가 막연한 일반인을 나타낼 때.
* Spanish is spoken in Mexico, too.
③능동태의 주어보다 수동태 주어에 관심이 클 때.
* Mr. Truman was elected president again.
④수동의 의미가 거의 없이 자동사로 느껴지는 경우.
ⓐ종사, 위치, 사망, 출생의 동사.
* I am now engaged in writing a book.
◇be absorbed in: ∼에 몰두하다.
be situated = be located: ∼에 위치하다.
ⓑ익사, 피해, 탈선, 부상의 동사.
* The river drowned him. (×)
→ He was drowned in the river. (○)
⑤앞문장과의 연결상으로.
* He made a speech and was asked many questions at the end.
(그는 연설을 했다. 그리고 그 연설 끝에 많은 질문을 받았다.)
⑥행위자를 나타내지 않는 것이 좋다고 생각될 때.
* Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.
(말하지 말았어야 할 것을 오늘밤 여기에서 몇가지 말했다.)
16. 동작 수동태와 상태 수동태
* Our house is painted every year. (동작)
= We paint our house every year.
* Our house is painted green. (상태)
= We have painted our house green.
* The door is shut at seven every evening. (동작)
* The door is shut now. (상태)
17. 주의할 수동태
* This novel sells well.
(이 소설은 잘 팔린다; 형식은 능동이나 뜻은 수동이다.)
◇This orange peels well.
His novels read well.
* I was greatly astonished at the sight.
(나는 그 광경을 보고 매우 놀랐다; 형식은 수동이나 뜻은 능동이다.
특히 감정을 나타내는 말에 많다.)
* I had my purse stolen.
◇[have (get) + 목적어 + 과거분사]
…을 ∼당하다. …을 ∼시키다.
△I had my watch st/olen. (당하다)
I h/ad my watch mended. (시키다)
* This house is building.
= This house is being built. (이 집은 건축 중에 있다.)
◇The meal is now cooking.
* He is to blame.
= He is to be blamed.
△a book to read = a book to be read.
a house to let: 셋집.
water to drink: 음료수.
* He sold the watch a at a good price. (3형식)
* His new novel sells well. (1형식)
◇ sell, lock, read, translate, peel 등의 동사는 형태는 능동이나
의미는 수동의 뜻을 나타내는 경우도 있다.
18. 시초수동
* I am acquainted with him. (상태)
* I became acquainted with him at the party. (동작의 시초)
◇ be acquainted with ∼: "∼을 알고 있다"의 뜻으로 현재의 상태를 나타내고 있는데 반하여 be 동사 대신에 'become, grow, get + 과거분사'의 형태가 되면 [ ∼하게되다]의 뜻으로 어떤일이 일어나는 시초나 동기를
나타내므로 시초수동이라고 한다.
※수동태에서 외워야 할 표현들.
He was covered in sweat. 그는 땀으로 범벅이 되어있다.
The top of the mountain is covered with snow. (50년 전부터^^)
His hands are covered (in) blood. 그의 손은 피로 범벅이 되었다.(선혈이 낭자하였다)
Point 1.
*Be interested in 외에도 알아둘 것들!!!
be divorced from
be committed to
be accused of
Point 2. 예문들.
He was taken to the hospital after the accident by the ambulance.
그는 병원에 후송되었다.(실려갔다)
Your skin should not be exposed to many ultra violet rays.
당신의 피부는 자외선에 너무 많이 노출되면 안됩니다.
*infrared rays적외선
The new license will be sent to you within 28 days.
(You’ll be sent your new license.)
Your resume should be submitted to the personnel department by December 3.
당신의 이력서는 인사과로 12월 3일까지 제출해야 합니다.
*human resources : personnel 인사과 (or a personnel :직원 )
*ballet발레/beret베레/lingerie란제리
She’s married to David. 그녀는 데이빗과 결혼했다.
She’s married with 3 men. 그녀는 3남자와 살고있다.
(I’m married with 2 boys and one girl.^^)
Are you married? 결혼하셨어요?
Who is she married to? 그녀의 남편은 누구입니까? (그녀는 누구와 결혼했나요?)
Point 3.
이해하기 어려운 문장들!?
Timothy was accused of killing 160 innocent people in Oklahoma City
티모시 맥비에는 기소되다. (연방청 폭파사건의 주범)
be accused of killing
be accused of abusing
be accused of smuggling 밀반출입하다(밀수)
be accused of stealing
(has been accused of~)
He doesn’t seem to be convinced of her innocent
그는 그녀의 무죄를 확신하는 것 같지 않다.
*innocent 무죄인<-> guilty유죄인
*verdict선고/판결/평결
I don’t want to be deprived of the rights to voice an opinion.
저는 제 의견을 말할 권리를 박탈당하고 싶지 않다.(~빼앗기다)
She was relieved of her lower back pain.
그녀는 허리통증을 덜었다. (~을 덜다)
You’ll be informed of the final decision.
당신은 최종결정을 들었다.
Point 4.
Be pp(past participle) with~.
Each volunteer will be provided with breakfast, a buffet lunch and the T-shirt.
자원 봉사자들은 아침과 부페 점심, 티셔츠를 제공받게 될 것이다..
(Let’s check out.
The taxi service from the airport will be provided.
공항택시서비스가 제공 될 것입니다.
You will be provided with the taxi service from the airport.
여러분은 공항택시서비스를 제공받게 될 것입니다.)
Each team will be supplied with the same engine.
각 팀은 모두 똑같은 엔진을 제공받게 될 것이다.
You’ll be acquainted with the Korean alphabet.
당신은 우리말자모음을 잘 알게 될 것이다.
*know very well about something : 잘 알다
*an acquaintance: 아는 사람.(친구라고 할 수는 없는)
The computer is equipped with two hard disc drives.
그 컴퓨터에는 두개의 하드디스크드라이브가 장착되어 있습니다.
(The computer has two disc drives.)
All rooms are furnished with twin queen sized beds.
모든 방은 두개짜리 퀸사이즈 침대가 갖추어져 있습니다.
*천자문 읽듯, 랩송 따라 하듯 연습합시다!
be regarded as ~:~로 간주되다.~로 알려지다.
be worried about~:~관하여 걱정하다
be dressed in~: ~로 차려입다.(dressed to kill;잘 차려입은)
*I think this show is proving its real worth.(^^)
What do you think of it?
※숨어있는 수동태
저 이 뽑았어요.
I had a tooth pulled out.
I pulled out a tooth. (I = a dentist)
I cut my hair. (->I had my hair cut.)
I wish I was as tall as Michael Jordan. (-> I wish I were as tall as M J.)
Spoken English. (Formal English.)
The man (given a chance to be cured of his insomnia which had been haunting him) didn’t want to blow it.
그를 괴롭혀온 불면증을 치료할 기회를 얻은 그 남자는 그것을 날려버리고 싶지 않았다.
News English를 배워봅시다.
Point 1. 숨바꼭질하는 수동태!?
(능동태와 수동태 표현 속에 숨어있는 수동태 공부하기.)
Point 2. 관계대명사절 속의 수동태.
The man (who was accused of killing many innocent people) was sentenced to death.
무고한 사람들을 죽인 죄로 기소된 그 남자는 사형선고를 받았다.
The man accused of killing 160 people in Oklahoma city was sentenced to death.
A girl (who was )killed in accident…사고로 죽은 어떤 소녀
(A) girl (was/is) killed…신문 헤드라인으로는 Girl Killed…
A girl kills 어떤 소녀가 사람을 죽였다.
구체적인 뉴스내용을 보도하면서, Girl who was killed in accident last night by a drunk driver, the girl’s name has not been released yet.
전투에서 부상을 당한 어떤 남자
A man (who was) wounded (in the battle)
총으로 납치당한 여성 (총/칼 부리를 겨누고)
A woman (who was) kidnapped at gun/knife point
무장강도에게 공격을 당한 여성
A lady (who was) attacked by armed robber.
병원으로 후송된 한 소년
A boy (who was) taken to the hospital
Whose name was not being released yet /and grown up to be an English educator..
*intriguing (very interesting, especially because of being strange and mysterious)
/corky news
*lubricant(a substance that you use to put oil on the parts of machine that move to make them move more smoothly)
파리에서 교육 받은 미국인
An American (who was) educated in Paris
Point 3. 남의 손을 빌려서 하는 일들의 경우!
She had the barber/the hairdresser cut her hair. (She had her hair cut.)
그녀는 그 이발사/그 미용사에게 머리를 잘랐다. (그녀는 머리를 잘랐다)
The hairdresser cut my hair.
그녀는 혈압을 재었다.
She had a blood pressure taken. (병원에서)
She took a blood pressure. (집에서)
그는 밀려났다/잘렸다.(해고 됐다. )
He (The boss) got me sacked. (I was fired/sacked. Or I got the push/the ax/the sack. /I got axed)
*sack : push down the quarterback in the sport of football./tell someone they can no longer work at their job( 풋볼에선 쿼터백이 밀려 넘어지면 게임에서 지나보죠?^^)
그녀는 논문을 출판했습니다.
She had her thesis(주로 석박사논문)/paper/article published.
(팝송) 정리
졸든 나이트의 “Broken by you.”
I’ll never fall in love again.
Never had my heart broken by you, I just leave my heart into…
당신에 의해서 내 마음을 아프게 하도록 하지는 않을 것이다.
(처절하네요! 얼마나 상처가 컸으면…)
I will never have my heart broken by you. I just leave my heart into.
'영어? 그건 아무 것도 아니야 > 영어 문법·설명' 카테고리의 다른 글
| 성문 영문법 정리 - 분사 (0) | 2006.10.15 |
|---|---|
| 성문 영문법 정리 - 부정사 (0) | 2006.10.14 |
| 성문 영문법 정리 - 법 (2) | 2006.10.13 |
| 성문 영문법 정리 - 조동사 (0) | 2006.10.11 |
| 성문 영문법 정리 - 시제 (0) | 2006.10.10 |
| 성문 영문법 정리 - 동사 (0) | 2006.10.09 |